To support satellite communication, three things are required from the phone: modem support for the satellite network radio protocol, a modified antenna, and special software. That’s why all satellite-based services we’re discussing today basically rely on the SMS format: 140 characters per message, and not a selfie in sight. The main disadvantage is a low data-transfer rate. Thanks to this, the satellite can “hear” the phone’s weak transmitter. The advantages of this range are low levels of both signal decay over long distances and weather interference. GPS and GLONASS satellites, which orbit at around 20,000 kilometers above Earth, operate in the same frequency range. The satellites communicate with a phone in the relatively low-frequency L band (1.5–2 GHz). Iridium’s LEO constellation and geostationary satellites of another operator. However, in late December 2022, the first Starlink Gen2 satellite was launched, which will also provide connectivity for regular – non-satellite – smartphones. However, while using similar technology, Starlink is aimed at relatively high-speed internet, and requires the subscriber to purchase a special terminal. ![]() ![]() The most hyped project of this kind is undoubtedly Elon Musk’s Starlink. But over the past 5–7 years, the key players - Iridium and Globalstar - have launched quite a few low-Earth-orbit ( LEO) satellites, operating at an altitude of just 500–800 kilometers. Previously, satellite phones worked using a small number of high-Earth-orbit satellites. An innovation of recent years is satellite connectivity on ordinary phones - but this required new satellites. Satellite phones have been around for three decades, but they are still expensive, inconvenient, and fairly bulky. It’s not yet about Instagramming from the top of Everest or in the middle of the Pacific, but you can now at least call for help or report your location with neither Wi-Fi nor 4G. But in 2022, Apple, Huawei, and Motorola really did unveil something new and unexpected: texting via satellite. As a result, there’s less and less to get excited about when it comes to product announcements. The presentation will demonstrate the thought process used in chronological order, essentially demonstrating how I achieved the result from my point of view as the summer progressed.Phone improvements have long followed a well-trodden path: brighter screen, more memory, better camera, longer battery life. This project was completed as part of the summer student program at the Southwest Research Institute. The purpose of this project was to demonstrate the security weaknesses within the Iridium protocol, showing that it was possible to track one of these satellites with a high gain antenna, resulting in the ability to anticipate transmission, to acquire the location of that transmission, and to uncover the content of that transmission. As such, this network is far more secure than other satellite communication networks, and forces interception to occur within the locale of the transmission from modem to satellite or within the locale of the downlink from the satellite other modem. ![]() The Iridium Satellite constellation is unique to satellite communication networks in that it allows for transmission of data between satellites instead of relying on transmission by the bent pipe methodology.
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